Germany Energy Information

Total Energy Consumption

Per capita consumption is 3.5 toe (2021). Per capita electricity consumption is 6 030 kWh.

In 2021, total energy consumption increased by nearly 4%, reaching 289 Mtoe, after a significant drop (-6%) in 2020. Previously, it decreased by 1.5%/year over 2016-2019.

Graph: CONSUMPTION TRENDS BY ENERGY SOURCE (Mtoe)

Graph: TOTAL CONSUMPTION MARKET SHARE BY ENERGY (2021, %)

Interactive Chart Germany Total Energy Consumption

Crude Oil Production

Germany relies on imports for more than 97% of its crude oil supply with a production of 3.1 Mt in 2021. The country imported more than 81 Mt of crude oil in 2021, about 35% of which came from Russia. Following the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the country has committed to stop Russian oil imports by the end of 2022.

Germany has 12 refineries in operation with a total capacity of 2.1 mb/d. The five biggest refineries are MiRo (298 kb/d), Gelsenkirchen (257 kb/d), Leuna (241 kb/d), Schwedt (232 kb/d), and Ingolstadt (206 kb/d).

Interactive Chart Germany Crude Oil Production

Oil Products Consumption

From 2012 to 2017, the consumption of oil products remained relatively flat at around 100 Mt. In 2020, consumption dropped by 5% to 93 Mt due to Covid related travel restrictions and dropped further by 4% in 2021.

Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION (Mt)

Half of oil products are consumed in transport (50%), followed by the residential sector (19%) and non-energy uses (18%).

Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2021, %)

Interactive Chart Germany Refined Oil Products Production

Natural Gas Consumption

Natural gas consumption increased by nearly 6%/year over 2015-2019. After a 6% reduction in 2020, it increased by nearly 5% in 2021 to 97 bcm.

Graph: NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION (bcm)

In 2021, buildings (residential, services, and agriculture) accounted for 46% of the gas consumption; this is trailed by the industrial (29%) and power sectors (17%, -4 points).

Graph: GAS CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2021, %)

Interactive Chart Germany Natural Gas Domestic Consumption

Coal Consumption

Coal and lignite consumption decreased by 3%/year between 2015 and 2018. In 2019, it dropped by around 20% in 2019 and in 2020 again, following the closure of 9 GW of coal-and lignite fired power plants. In 2021, coal and lignite consumption increased by 19%, to 165 Mt, with improved competitivity for coal due to gas prices rises

Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION (Mt)

The power sector absorbs 82% of coal and lignite consumption and industry accounts for 12%.

Interactive Chart Germany Coal and Lignite Domestic Consumption

Power Consumption

Electricity consumption rebounded by more than 2% in 2021 to 501 TWh after a drop by more than 3% in 2020. It decreased before by 0.8%/year between 2010 and 2019, with an acceleration since 2017 (2%/year). and

Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (TWh).

Electricity consumption is dominated by industry (43% in 2021), followed by the residential sector (26%) and services (26%).

Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2021, %)

Renewable in % Electricity Production

The Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (BAFA), within BMWi, is the agency that funds the development of renewables.

The official target of 18% of renewables in final consumption in 2020 was exceeded by 1.3 points (19.3%), with 14.8% for heating and cooling (-0.7 points below target), 44.7% for electricity (+4.9 points), and 9.9% for transport (-4.4 points). The NECP raised this share to 30% of final consumption in 2030.

Interactive Chart Germany Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

CO₂ Fuel Combustion/CO₂ Emissions

According to the German Environment Agency, GHG emissions increased by 4.5% in 2021 to around 762 MtCO₂eq, which is 39% lower than in 1990. Previously, between 2016 and 2020, they declined by an average of 5%/year (including almost 9% in 2020).